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C++ is the most used and most popular programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. C++ is a high-level and object-oriented programming language. This language allows developers to write clean and efficient code for large applications and software development, game development, and operating system programming. It is an expansion of the C programming language to include Object Oriented Programming(OOPs) and is used to develop programs for computers. This C++ Tutorial will cover all the basic to advanced topics of C++ like C++ basics, C++ functions, C++ classes, OOPs and STL concepts.

C++ Programming Language

C++ Overview

Introduction to C++ Programming Language Features of C++ History of C++ Interesting Facts about C++ Setting up C++ Development Environment Difference between C and C++

C++ Basics

Writing First C++ Program - Hello World Example C++ Basic Syntax C++ Comments Tokens in C C++ Keywords Difference between Keyword and Identifier in C

C++ Variables and Constants

C++ Variables Constants in C Scope of Variables in C++ Storage Classes in C++ with Examples Static Keyword in C++

C++ Data Types and Literals

C++ Data Types Literals in C Derived Data Types in C++ User Defined Data Types in C++ Data Type Ranges and their macros in C++ C++ Type Modifiers Type Conversion in C++ Casting Operators in C++

C++ Operators

Operators in C++ C++ Arithmetic Operators Unary operators in C Bitwise Operators in C Assignment Operators in C C++ sizeof Operator Scope resolution operator in C++

C++ Input/Output

Basic Input / Output in C++ cin in C++ cout in C++ cerr - Standard Error Stream Object in C++ Manipulators in C++ with Examples

C++ Control Statements

Decision Making in C (if , if..else, Nested if, if-else-if ) C++ if Statement C++ if else Statement C++ if else if Ladder Switch Statement in C++ Jump statements in C++ C++ Loops for Loop in C++ Range-based for loop in C++ C++ While Loop C++ Do/While Loop

C++ Functions

Functions in C++ return statement in C++ with Examples Parameter Passing Techniques in C Difference Between Call by Value and Call by Reference in C Default Arguments in C++ Inline Functions in C++ Lambda expression in C++

C++ Pointers and References

Pointers and References in C++ C++ Pointers Dangling, Void , Null and Wild Pointers in C Applications of Pointers in C Understanding nullptr in C++ References in C++ Can References Refer to Invalid Location in C++? Pointers vs References in C++ Passing By Pointer vs Passing By Reference in C++ When do we pass arguments by pointer?

C++ Arrays

Variable Length Arrays (VLAs) in C Pointer to an Array | Array Pointer How to print size of array parameter in C++? Pass Array to Functions in C What is Array Decay in C++? How can it be prevented?

C++ Strings

Strings in C++ std::string class in C++ Array of Strings in C++ - 5 Different Ways to Create String Concatenation in C++ Tokenizing a string in C++ Substring in C++

C++ Structures and Unions

Structures, Unions and Enumerations in C++ Structures in C++ C++ - Pointer to Structure Self Referential Structures Difference Between C Structures and C++ Structures Enumeration in C++ typedef in C++ Array of Structures vs Array within a Structure in C

C++ Dynamic Memory Management

Dynamic Memory Allocation in C using malloc(), calloc(), free() and realloc() new and delete Operators in C++ For Dynamic Memory new vs malloc() and free() vs delete in C++ What is Memory Leak? How can we avoid? Difference between Static and Dynamic Memory Allocation in C

C++ Object-Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming in C++ C++ Classes and Objects Access Modifiers in C++ Friend Class and Function in C++ Constructors in C++ Default Constructors in C++ Copy Constructor in C++ Destructors in C++ Private Destructor in C++ When is a Copy Constructor Called in C++? Shallow Copy and Deep Copy in C++ When Should We Write Our Own Copy Constructor in C++? Does C++ compiler create default constructor when we write our own? C++ Static Data Members Static Member Function in C++ 'this' pointer in C++ Scope Resolution Operator vs this pointer in C++ Local Classes in C++ Nested Classes in C++ Enum Classes in C++ and Their Advantage over Enum DataType Difference Between Structure and Class in C++ Why C++ is partially Object Oriented Language?

C++ Encapsulation and Abstraction

Encapsulation in C++ Abstraction in C++ Difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation in C++

C++ Polymorphism

C++ Polymorphism Function Overriding in C++ Virtual Functions and Runtime Polymorphism in C++ Difference between Inheritance and Polymorphism

C++ Function Overloading

Function Overloading in C++ Constructor Overloading in C++ Functions that cannot be overloaded in C++ Function overloading and const keyword Function Overloading and Return Type in C++ Function Overloading and float in C++ C++ Function Overloading and Default Arguments Can main() be overloaded in C++? Function Overloading vs Function Overriding in C++ Advantages and Disadvantages of Function Overloading in C++

C++ Operator Overloading

Operator Overloading in C++ Types of Operator Overloading in C++ Functors in C++ What are the Operators that Can be and Cannot be Overloaded in C++?

C++ Inheritance

Inheritance in C++ C++ Inheritance Access Multiple Inheritance in C++ C++ Hierarchical Inheritance C++ Multilevel Inheritance Constructor in Multiple Inheritance in C++ Inheritance and Friendship in C++ Does overloading work with Inheritance? Difference between Inheritance and Polymorphism

C++ Virtual Functions

Virtual Function in C++ Virtual Functions in Derived Classes in C++ Default Arguments and Virtual Function in C++ Can Virtual Functions be Inlined in C++? Virtual Destructor Advanced C++ | Virtual Constructor Advanced C++ | Virtual Copy Constructor Pure Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes in C++ Pure Virtual Destructor in C++ Can Static Functions Be Virtual in C++? RTTI (Run-Time Type Information) in C++ Can Virtual Functions be Private in C++?

C++ Exception Handling

Exception Handling in C++ Exception Handling using classes in C++ Stack Unwinding in C++ User-defined Custom Exception with class in C++

C++ Files and Streams

File Handling through C++ Classes I/O Redirection in C++

C++ Templates

Templates in C++ with Examples Template Specialization in C++ Using Keyword in C++ STL

C++ Standard Template Library (STL)

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) Containers in C++ STL (Standard Template Library) Introduction to Iterators in C++ Algorithm Library | C++ Magicians STL Algorithm Functors in C++

C++ Preprocessors

C Preprocessors C Preprocessor Directives #include in C C Preprocessors C Preprocessor Directives Difference between Preprocessor Directives and Function Templates in C++

C++ Namespace

Namespace in C++ | Set 1 (Introduction) namespace in C++ | Set 2 (Extending namespace and Unnamed namespace) Namespace in C++ | Set 3 (Accessing, creating header, nesting and aliasing) C++ Inline Namespaces and Usage of the "using" Directive Inside Namespaces

Advanced C++

Multithreading in C++ Smart Pointers in C++ auto_ptr vs unique_ptr vs shared_ptr vs weak_ptr in C++ Type of 'this' Pointer in C++ "delete this" in C++ Passing a Function as a Parameter in C++ Signal Handling in C++ Generics in C++

C vs C++

Difference between C and C++ Difference between C++ and Objective C Write a C program that won't compile in C++ Write a program that produces different results in C and C++ How does 'void*' differ in C and C++? Type Difference of Character Literals in C and C++ Difference Between C Structures and C++ Structures Cin-Cout vs Scanf-Printf

C++ vs Java

Similarities and Difference between Java and C++ Comparison of Inheritance in C++ and Java Static Keyword in C++ How Does Default Virtual Behavior Differ in C++ and Java? Comparison of Exception Handling in C++ and Java Foreach in C++ and Java Templates in C++ vs Generics in Java Floating Point Operations & Associativity in C, C++ and Java

Competitive Programming in C++

Competitive Programming - A Complete Guide C++ tricks for competitive programming (for C++ 11) Writing C/C++ code efficiently in Competitive programming Why C++ is best for Competitive Programming? Test Case Generation | Set 1 (Random Numbers, Arrays and Matrices) Fast I/O for Competitive Programming Setting up Sublime Text for C++ Competitive Programming Environment How to setup Competitive Programming in Visual Studio Code for C++ Which C++ libraries are useful for competitive programming? Common mistakes to be avoided in Competitive Programming in C++ | Beginners

C++ Interview Questions

C++ Interview Questions and Answers (2024) Top C++ STL Interview Questions and Answers 30 OOPs Interview Questions and Answers (2024) Top C++ Exception Handling Interview Questions and Answers C++ Programming Examples C++ Interview Questions and Answers (2024)